| IPA Symbol |
Description |
Example 1 |
IPA |
English Translation |
Example 2 |
IPA |
English Translation |
Vowels
|
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| |
Monophthongs |
|
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[i]
|
Forward/Fronting and closed |
Liebe
|
[liːbə]
|
Love |
ihm
|
[iːm]
|
to him |
|
[e]
|
Forward/Fronting and closed |
beten
|
[beːtən]
|
to pray |
ewig
|
[eːvɪç]
|
forever |
|
[ɪ]
|
Forward/Fronting and opened |
ich
|
[ɪç]
|
I |
singen
|
[sɪŋən]
|
to sing |
|
[ɛ]
|
Forward/Fronting and opened |
Bett
|
[bɛt]
|
Bed |
Städte
|
[ ʃtɛtə]
|
towns |
|
[ɛː]
|
Forward/Fronting and opened |
Mädchen
|
[mɛːtçən]
|
Maiden/Young girl |
wäre
|
[vɛːrə]
|
would be |
|
[aː]
|
Forward/Fronting |
Staat
|
[ ʃtaːt ]
|
state |
aber
|
[aːbɐ]
|
but |
|
[a]
|
Forward/Fronting |
Stadt
|
[ ʃat ]
|
town |
Wasser
|
[vasɐ]
|
water |
|
[ɔ]
|
Back and opened |
Gott
|
[ɡɔt]
|
God |
Nonne
|
[nɔnə]
|
nun |
|
[ʊ]
|
Back and opened |
und
|
[ʊnd]
|
and |
um
|
[ʊm]
|
around |
|
[o]
|
Back and closed |
Ohne
|
[oːnə]
|
without |
Lob
|
[loːp]
|
praise |
|
[u]
|
Back and closed |
Ruh
|
Ruh
|
peace |
tut
|
[tuːt]
|
to do |
| |
Mixed Vowels |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[y]
|
Closed |
über
|
[yːbɐ]
|
above |
kühl
|
[kyːl]
|
cool |
|
[ʏ]
|
Open |
küssen
|
[kʏsən]
|
to kiss |
erfüllet
|
[ɛɐ̯ˈfʏlət]
|
fullfilled |
|
[ø]
|
Closed |
schön
|
[ ʃøːn]
|
beautiful |
größer
|
[ɡrøːsɐ]
|
greater |
|
[œ]
|
Open |
können
|
[kœnən]
|
can |
köstlich
|
[ˈkœstlɪç]
|
precious |
| |
Diphthongs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ae]
|
|
mein
|
[maen]
|
my |
Leid
|
[laet]
|
sorrow |
|
[ɑo]
|
|
auch
|
[ɑox]
|
also |
traurig
|
[ˈtrɑorɪç]
|
sad |
|
[ɔø]
|
|
Träume
|
[trɔ͜ømə]
|
dreams |
Freud
|
[frɔ͜øt]
|
joy |
| |
Schwa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ə]
|
Schwa |
meine
|
[maenə]
|
mine |
gegangen
|
[ɡəˈɡaŋən]
|
gone |
|
[ɐ]
|
Schwa "er" |
Vater
|
[faːtɐ]
|
father |
Müller
|
[mʏlɐ]
|
Miller |
|
[ɐ̯]
|
Schwa "r" |
erduldet
|
[ɛɐ̯ˈdʊldət]
|
suffers |
er
|
[eːɐ̯]
|
he |
Consonants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Bilabial |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[b]
|
voiced |
Bitten
|
[bɪtən]
|
plead |
Liebe
|
[liːbə]
|
love |
|
[p]
|
unvoiced |
Lippen
|
[lɪpən]
|
lips |
Paradies
|
[paraˈdiːs]
|
Paradise |
|
[m]
|
voiced |
mein
|
[maen]
|
my |
muss
|
[mʊs]
|
must |
| |
Labiodental |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[f]
|
unvoiced |
von
|
[fɔn]
|
from |
Propheten
|
[proˈfeːtən]
|
Prophets |
|
[v]
|
voiced |
Wasser
|
[vasɐ]
|
water |
Wunder
|
[vʊndɐ]
|
wonder |
| |
Dental |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[z]
|
voiced |
Seele
|
[zeːlə]
|
Soul |
Suche
|
[zuːxə]
|
to seek |
|
[s]
|
unvoiced |
Wasser
|
[vasɐ]
|
water |
Gruß
|
[ɡruːs]
|
greeting |
|
[l]
|
voiced |
Lilien
|
[liːljən]
|
lilly |
Lippen
|
[lɪpən]
|
lips |
| |
Aveolar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[d]
|
voiced |
das
|
[das]
|
the |
Tode
|
[toːdə]
|
dead |
|
[t]
|
unvoiced |
Tod
|
[toːt]
|
death |
Staat
|
[ ʃaːt]
|
state |
|
[ts]
|
unvoiced |
Zagen
|
[tsaːgən]
|
to despair |
Kreuz
|
[krɔ͜øts]
|
cross |
|
[n]
|
voiced |
Nonne
|
[nɔnə]
|
nun |
Nicht
|
[nɪçt]
|
not |
|
[r]
|
voiced |
rauschen
|
[rɑoʃən]
|
rustle |
tragen
|
[traːɡən]
|
carry |
| |
Prepalatal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ ʃ ]
|
unvoiced |
schön
|
[ ʃøːn]
|
beautiful |
Stadt
|
[ ʃat]
|
town |
|
[tʃ]
|
unvoiced |
tscheche
|
[tʃɛçə]
|
Czech |
Deutsch
|
[dɔ͜øtʃ]
|
German |
| |
Palatal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ç]
|
unvoiced |
ich
|
[ɪç]
|
I |
ewig
|
[eːvɪç]
|
eternal |
|
[ j ]
|
voiced and glide |
Ja
|
[ jaː ]
|
yes |
Lilien
|
[liljən]
|
lily |
| |
Velar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ɡ]
|
voiced |
gegen
|
[ɡeːɡən]
|
against |
fliegen
|
[fliːɡən]
|
to lie |
|
[k]
|
unvoiced |
dunkel
|
[dʊŋkəl]
|
dark |
kein
|
[kaen]
|
none |
|
[x]
|
unvoiced |
ach
|
[ax]
|
Ah |
suche
|
[zuːxə]
|
to search |
|
[ŋ]
|
voiced |
gegangen
|
[ɡəˈɡaŋən]
|
went |
dunkel
|
[dʊŋkəl]
|
dark |
| |
Glottal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[h]
|
unvoiced |
hab’
|
[haːp]
|
have |
Haus
|
[hɑos]
|
house |
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ː |
Lengthen sound |
Lieben
|
[liːbən]
|
to love |
nach
|
[naːx]
|
after |
| ˈ |
Primary Stress |
gegangen
|
[ɡəˈgaŋən]
|
went |
erfüllet
|
[ɛɐ̯ˈfʏlət]
|
fulfilled |
| ˌ |
Secondary Stress |
abbrechen
|
[ˈapˌbrɛçən]
|
break off |
unschuldig
|
[ˈʊnˌʃʊldɪç]
|
innocent |
| | |
Separation (Glottal Stop) |
verachtet
|
[fɛɐ̯|axtət]
|
to scorn |
|
|
|
| _ |
Intensified Consonant |
Nonne
|
[nɔnə]
|
nun |
Wasser
|
[vasɐ]
|
water |
Compiled by:
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SingersBabel LLC |
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| Spoken by: |
Katharina Hagopian |
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